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USS Franklin (CV-13)
The USS ''Franklin'' (CV/CVA/CVS-13, AVT-8), nicknamed "Big Ben," was one of 24 s built during World War II for the United States Navy, and the fifth US Navy ship to bear the name. Commissioned in January 1944, she served in several campaigns in the Pacific War, earning four battle stars. She was badly damaged by a Japanese air attack in March 1945, with the loss of over 800 of her crew, becoming the most heavily damaged United States carrier to survive the war.〔Friedman, p. 232〕 Movie footage of the actual attack was included in the 1949 film ''Task Force'' starring Gary Cooper.
After the attack, she returned to the U.S. mainland for repairs, missing the rest of the war; she was decommissioned in 1947. While in reserve, she was reclassified as an attack carrier (CVA), then an antisubmarine carrier (CVS), and finally an aircraft transport (AVT), but was never modernized and never saw active service again. ''Franklin'' and (damaged by a kamikaze) were the only ''Essex''-class carriers not to see active service as aircraft carriers after World War II.〔Friedman, p. 156〕 The ''Franklin'' was sold for scrap in 1966.
==Construction and commissioning==
The keel of ''Franklin'' was laid down on 7 December 1942, the first anniversary of the attack on Pearl Harbor, and she was launched by the Newport News Shipbuilding Company, in Virginia, on 14 October 1943, sponsored by Lieutenant Commander Mildred H. McAfee, an American naval officer who was the Director of the WAVES. This warship was named in honor of the founding father Benjamin Franklin and for the previous warships that had been named for him; it was not named for the Battle of Franklin, Tennessee, that was fought during the American Civil War, as is sometimes erroneously reported,〔U.S. Naval Historical Center〕 although a footnote in ''The Franklin Comes Home'' does attribute the naming to the Battle of Franklin. (Franklin, Tennessee was also named after Benjamin Franklin.) ''Franklin'' was commissioned on 31 January 1944, with Captain James M. Shoemaker in command. Among the plankowners was a ship's band made up of several enlisted men who were professional musicians at the time, including Saxie Dowell and Deane Kincaide, assigned to ''Franklin'' by a lottery.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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